…or both. The clinical consequences of extracellular volume expansion include elevated cardiac filling pressures, pulmonary congestion, systemic venous hypertension, and peripheral interstitial edema. These abnormalities…

…are elevated. The syndrome is therefore defined by symptoms and signs of congestion or impaired cardiac performance rather than by ejection fraction alone. Heart failure…

…and conditions that should prompt assessment include: Hypertension Dyspnoea Exercise intolerance Congestive HF CAD Palpitations or suspected atrial fibrillation OSA or daytime symptoms suggestive of…

…presence of hypotension, end organ hypoperfusion, shock states, and pulmonary congestion. In pregnant patients presenting with suspected acute heart failure, urgent hospital admission and referral…

…rapidly progressive syndrome characterized by systemic congestion resulting from impaired RV filling and/or reduced RV output. Recognition of this syndrome is critical because it…

…lives therefore differ substantially: approximately 20 minutes for BNP and 90 minutes for NT proBNP. Consequently, plasma concentrations of the two peptides are not interchangeable…

…syndrome, stress testing may be considered after at least 24 hours of stabilization, provided that active ischaemia and haemodynamic or electrical instability are absent. A…

…inspiratory response of the jugular venous pressure, looking for Kussmaul’s sign Hepatomegaly as evidence of systemic venous congestion Blood pressure and evidence of hypotension…

…symptom and may occur even in the absence of pulmonary congestion. Patients may obtain relief by sitting forward. Other symptoms depend on the extent of…

…about 0.2% in the reperfusion era. Clinical presentation and symptoms A new episode of hypotension, recurrent chest pain, pulmonary congestion, a new cardiac murmur…

…Abirapro Several cases of QT prolongation and torsade de pointes reported to the FDA in postmarketing studies. Anti androgen Cancer (Prostate) Abiraterone is an antiandrogen…

…and consequences may include: Palpitations and awareness of an irregular or rapid heartbeat Dyspnoea and worsening pulmonary congestion Reduced exercise capacity Symptoms or signs of…

…cardiovascular societies, defines HF as a clinical syndrome corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels and/or objective evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion [3] . Within…

…HFrEF. Clinical evaluation should define: The severity of symptoms and functional limitation. Evidence of congestion or fluid retention. The presence of precipitating or aggravating conditions…

…do so only at the cost of elevated filling pressures. Congestion and elevated filling pressures produce the characteristic clinical syndrome of breathlessness, fatigue and oedema…

…is loss of contractile myocardium, with reduced cardiac output and systemic hypoperfusion. LV failure may produce elevated filling pressures, pulmonary venous hypertension, and pulmonary congestion…

…the interaction between the cardiac and renal axes may produce cardiorenal syndrome. Worsening renal function in the presence of persistent congestion is particularly associated with…

…anuria or unexplained AKI. 3. Assess the circulation and volume status, including signs of both hypovolaemia and venous congestion. 4. Take an urgent panel: creatinine…

… } Interpretation of CHADS VASc score and decisions on anticoagulation Men Women Points Recommendation Evidence Recommendation Evidence 0 No treatment Low No treatment High 1 Oral…

…related and procedural risk factors The risk of adverse events is increased by: advanced age; diabetes mellitus; chronic kidney disease or renal failure; congestive heart…

…and an intramural course. An anomalous left coronary artery is less common but more malignant than an anomalous right coronary artery. Anomalous origin of a…

…discs . The intercalated disc is composed of cell membrane proteins that connect adjacent cells mechanically and electrically. The electrical connection is established by gap junctions…

…anaemia and other nephrotoxic exposures may contribute to tubular injury, making attribution to contrast alone difficult. In patients with normal renal function, the occurrence of…

…Definition and pathophysiology Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major independent risk factor for thromboembolism, including ischaemic stroke. This risk applies across the clinical patterns of…

…ECG diagnosis and management Atrial fibrillation is the most common abnormal tachyarrhythmia (only sinus tachycardia is more common). The prevalence of atrial fibrillation correlates strongly…

…receptors) and parasympathetic withdrawal. Sinus tachycardia secondary to disease and medications : A wide range of diseases and medications may cause sinus tachycardia; e.g congestive…

…A history of increasing frequency of hospitalizations and visits for heart failure without disease recognition in the 3 years preceding diagnosis is also a notable…

…congestive heart failure. Angina pectoris. Hypertension, hypertensive crisis/emergency. Pulmonary hypertension. Blood pressure control. Mechanism of action Nitroglycerin provides nitric oxide (NO) that induces vasodilatation…

…the vein atrial and the atrio ventricular connections, the relationship between the ventricles, the ventriculo arterial connection and the relationship of the great arteries (segmental…

…used for mor than 10 minutes. Administer sodium thiosulfate (cyanide into thiocyanate) and terminate infusion of nitroprusside if cyanide toxicity is suspected. Adverse effects • Nausea…

…pre excitation (presence of an accessory pathway). This is associated with a delta wave. For further details on the PR interval and the PR segment…

…Active Ingredient(s) Cardiotoxicity Label Section DICT Concern Cardiac side effects Severity of cardiotoxicity Hyaluronic Acid HYALURONIC ACID HYALURONIC ACID NA no no ZYPREXA Relprevv…