…or both. The clinical consequences of extracellular volume expansion include elevated cardiac filling pressures, pulmonary congestion, systemic venous hypertension, and peripheral interstitial edema. These abnormalities…

…are elevated. The syndrome is therefore defined by symptoms and signs of congestion or impaired cardiac performance rather than by ejection fraction alone. Heart failure…

…and conditions that should prompt assessment include: Hypertension Dyspnoea Exercise intolerance Congestive HF CAD Palpitations or suspected atrial fibrillation OSA or daytime symptoms suggestive of…

…presence of hypotension, end organ hypoperfusion, shock states, and pulmonary congestion. In pregnant patients presenting with suspected acute heart failure, urgent hospital admission and referral…

…rapidly progressive syndrome characterized by systemic congestion resulting from impaired RV filling and/or reduced RV output. Recognition of this syndrome is critical because it…

…lives therefore differ substantially: approximately 20 minutes for BNP and 90 minutes for NT proBNP. Consequently, plasma concentrations of the two peptides are not interchangeable…

…syndrome, stress testing may be considered after at least 24 hours of stabilization, provided that active ischaemia and haemodynamic or electrical instability are absent. A…

…inspiratory response of the jugular venous pressure, looking for Kussmaul’s sign Hepatomegaly as evidence of systemic venous congestion Blood pressure and evidence of hypotension…

…symptom and may occur even in the absence of pulmonary congestion. Patients may obtain relief by sitting forward. Other symptoms depend on the extent of…

…about 0.2% in the reperfusion era. Clinical presentation and symptoms A new episode of hypotension, recurrent chest pain, pulmonary congestion, a new cardiac murmur…