…coronary artery disease (CAD). It offers visual and numerical insights into myocardial blood flow under rest and stress conditions. MPI uses radiotracers in combination with…

…the left ventricle during diastole. The hemodynamic consequences of aortic regurgitation depend on whether the condition develops acutely or gradually. Acute aortic regurgitation Acute aortic…

…different position or a different vessel. Choice of site Vessel Advantages Disadvantages : : : Internal jugular vein (right) Best ultrasound conditions, a straight course to the superior…

…objectively verifiable fatigable symptoms. Assessment of whether residual weakness in a patient with known myasthenia responds to further cholinesterase inhibition. The test has a sensitivity…

Cardiology Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Clinical Red Flags Raising Suspicion of Cardiac Amyloidosis Demographic and Clinical Context Cardiac amyloidosis should be suspected in patients older…

Cardiology Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Definition and classification Coronary anomalies are congenital abnormalities involving the origin, course, distribution, or termination of the coronary arteries. They…

Cardiology Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Definition and scope Familial and genetic screening in cardiovascular medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who…

Cardiology Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Definition and pathophysiology Familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) is an inherited disorder characterized by persistently elevated plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL…

ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions J wave syndromes: early repolarization pattern, Brugada syndrome, hypercalcemia and hypothermia The J wave – also referred to as Osborn's…

ECG Genetic and miscellaneous conditions Eletrical alternans: an ECG sign of pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade The pericardial space (cavity) always contains a small amount…