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Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…bacteria. Endocarditis can lead to the destruction of the valvular apparatus, as well as to embolization in the systemic circulation. The complications can be fatal…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…with fewer vascular and bleeding complications than femoral access. In patients with acute coronary syndrome, randomized evidence has demonstrated lower rates of access site bleeding…

Hypertension: Causes, investigations, complications & treatment

…intake, body weight, male sex and salt intake. Population blood pressure increases in parallel with economic development and industrialization. The increasing prevalence of obesity, diabetes…

Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…a new cardiac murmur, or jugular venous distension in the days after MI should prompt immediate consideration of a mechanical complication. Clinical deterioration may be…

🟠 Management of STEMI (ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction)

…absence of ST segment elevation, primary PCI is indicated in patients with symptoms suggestive of acute myocardial infarction and at least one of the following…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

… spray technique is better on irregular surfaces and in the scalp. Complications Complication Frequency and comment : : Pain during thawing The rule rather than the exception…

NSTEMI: Risk Stratification and Timing of the Invasive Strategy

…revascularization, while avoiding unnecessary procedural complications and bleeding in those at lower risk or in whom the hazards of revascularization outweigh its potential benefit. A…

STEMI: Primary PCI and System-of-Care Time Targets

…mechanical complications. Determination of symptom onset time and anticipated time to primary PCI. Patients with STEMI should be monitored in a setting capable of continuous…

Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…the procedure itself provides the clinical context, the diagnosis requires evidence of new myocardial ischaemia, which may manifest through symptoms, ECG changes, or angiographic complications…

Cardiac thromboembolism: cardiac sources of embolism

Echocardiography Cardiac thromboembolism Thromboembolism is a leading cause of death worldwide (1). Emboli originating in the atria, left atrial appendage (LAA), ventricles, valves, and proximal…

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