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Post-Infarction Pericarditis and Dressler Syndrome

…ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Post infarction pericarditis encompasses two temporally and clinically distinct complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI): Early infarct associated pericarditis …

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which lipid accumulation, vascular cell dysfunction, immune cell recruitment, extracellular matrix remodelling…

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…not vascularized and therefore it is difficult for the immune system to reach the bacteria. Endocarditis can lead to the destruction of the valvular apparatus…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…institutional practice. Complications are more frequent during PCI than during purely diagnostic angiography. Elective PCI has reported mortality of 0.1–0.3%, large myocardial…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…margin must be included in the freeze. Contraindications Absolute: Suspected melanoma or any other pigmented lesion of uncertain diagnosis. A lesion in which histology is…

Mitral regurgitation

…of the mitral valve Acute mitral regurgitation Acute mitral regurgitation is relatively rare. The most common causes are as follows: Endocarditis Papillary muscle rupture (complication…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…endure 20 to 30 minutes of complete ischemia. After this period the cells die and the cell membranes collapse whereby cellular proteins are released into…

Heart failure: Causes, types, diagnosis, treatments & management

…growing body of evidence suggests that heart failure is now the most frequent complication of diabetes ( Shah et al, McMurray et al ). Management of heart…

Heart failure: Introduction

…growing body of evidence suggests that heart failure is now the most frequent complication of diabetes ( Shah et al, McMurray et al ). Management of heart…

Pulmonary regurgitation

…Carcinoid heart disease Tetralogy of Fallot Marfan syndrome Takayasu's arteritis Iatrogenic (e.g complication of catheterization) Congenital dysplasia/aplasia of the pulmonary valve Idiopathic…

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