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Endotracheal intubation

…both are predictable. Indications Inability to protect the airway: reduced level of consciousness, loss of pharyngeal reflexes, vomiting with a risk of aspiration. Inadequate oxygenation…

Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…Cardiogenic shock. Complete transection of a papillary muscle may cause immediately overwhelming MR. Partial rupture, often involving the tip or head of the muscle, more…

Vasovagal Syncope: Diagnosis, Tilt Testing and Treatment

…The initial evaluation of a patient with suspected syncope aims to determine whether the transient loss of consciousness was due to syncope, identify the cause…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…both are due to partial (incomplete) coronary artery occlusions , which implies that there remains residual blood flow in the artery. Moreover, management of NSTEMI and…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…lesions (these give a more superficial and less controllable depth of freeze). A size 15 scalpel or a pumice stone to pare down hyperkeratotic lesions…

The ECG in assessment of myocardial reperfusion

…infarction process is more or less completed. Post ischemic T wave inversions emerge at the earliest 4–6 hours after an episode of ischemia/infarction…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…This is possible due to the small distance between the heart and the ultrasound transducer, and because less air filled lung tissue covers the heart…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusions: Indications and Outcomes

…a less compelling basis for intervention. The source material does not provide a distinct symptom profile, physical examination pattern or biomarker signature specific to CTOs…

Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…below 93 per cent on air, or a falling PaO2 Circulation A systolic blood pressure of 100 mmHg or less, a MAP below 65 mmHg…

Junctional rhythm (escape rhythm) and junctional tachycardia

…of His. If there are cells (with automaticity) distal to the block, an escape rhythm may arise in those cells. For example, consider a complete…

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