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Endotracheal intubation

…both are predictable. Indications Inability to protect the airway: reduced level of consciousness, loss of pharyngeal reflexes, vomiting with a risk of aspiration. Inadequate oxygenation…

Post-Infarction Mechanical Complications: Ventricular Septal, Free-Wall, and Papillary Muscle Rupture

…tamponade, and sudden: Loss of pulse. Loss of blood pressure. Loss of consciousness. Electromechanical dissociation or pulseless electrical activity despite ongoing sinus rhythm on the…

Vasovagal Syncope: Diagnosis, Tilt Testing and Treatment

…This evaluation should include a detailed history, thorough questioning of eyewitnesses, and a complete physical and neurologic examination. Blood pressure and heart rate should be…

NSTEMI (Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction) & Unstable Angina: Diagnosis, Criteria, ECG, Management

…the hallmark of NSTEMI and unstable angina is chest pain (chest discomfort). However, the chest pain caused by NSTEMI and unstable angina is less severe…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…a cryoprobe for contact technique. Cotton buds for small lesions (these give a more superficial and less controllable depth of freeze). A size 15 scalpel…

The ECG in assessment of myocardial reperfusion

…infarction process is more or less completed. Post ischemic T wave inversions emerge at the earliest 4–6 hours after an episode of ischemia/infarction…

Performing Echocardiographic Examinations

…in apical windows (refer to Standard Transthoracic Echocardiogram: Complete Imaging Protocol). Nevertheless, there are obvious benefits of performing emergency bedside examinations, regardless of image quality…

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Chronic Total Occlusions: Indications and Outcomes

…diagnostic angiography. Collateral vessels may maintain distal perfusion and permit visualization of the vessel beyond the occlusion when the patent donor artery is injected. The…

Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…below 93 per cent on air, or a falling PaO2 Circulation A systolic blood pressure of 100 mmHg or less, a MAP below 65 mmHg…

Junctional rhythm (escape rhythm) and junctional tachycardia

…consider a complete block located in the atrioventricular node. In such scenarios, cells in the bundle of His (which possess automaticity) will not be reached…

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