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Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…but some laboratories do not accept marrow blood in their analysers — check locally. Contraindications Peripheral venous cannula: Infection, burns or trauma at the puncture site…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…seizures, confusion, a change in behaviour, collapse or an acute neurological deficit. Hypoglycaemia can cause hemiparesis, aphasia and radiological changes resembling ischaemic stroke. Glucose measurement…

Cardiac tamponade causing cardiac arrest

…It is uncommon for chronic pericardial effusions to cause sudden cardiac arrest since these cases tend to be recognized and managed before circulatory collapse occurs…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…Skin symptoms may be absent, and circulatory shock does not have to be present for the condition to be serious [1]. Intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine) is…

Pericardiocentesis

…collapse in a tamponaded patient , since positive airway pressure further reduces the venous return. Procedure Choice of access The ultrasound, not tradition, determines the site…

🟠 Reference values for adult ECG

…a person with ECG signs of SND is symptomatic, the condition is classified as sick sinus syndrome (SSS) . Causes of tachycardia (tachyarrhythmia) with narrow QRS…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

Cardiology Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is classified according to haemodynamic status, clinical severity, evidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…presenting as cardiovascular collapse and cardiac arrest. Evaluation and Physical Examination The source material does not provide specific details regarding the physical examination or general…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…are uncommon, but their clinical spectrum ranges from transient arrhythmias and minor access site bleeding to myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary perforation, haemodynamic collapse, acute kidney…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…or atheroembolic material, but pharmacological and mechanical strategies directed specifically at reperfusion injury have not generally demonstrated sufficient clinical benefit for routine use. No reflow…

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