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Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

Procedurer In acute circulatory failure it is not the number of cannulae that matters but the flow per unit time . A large bore, short cannula…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…seizures, confusion, a change in behaviour, collapse or an acute neurological deficit. Hypoglycaemia can cause hemiparesis, aphasia and radiological changes resembling ischaemic stroke. Glucose measurement…

Cardiac tamponade causing cardiac arrest

…It is uncommon for chronic pericardial effusions to cause sudden cardiac arrest since these cases tend to be recognized and managed before circulatory collapse occurs…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…Skin symptoms may be absent, and circulatory shock does not have to be present for the condition to be serious [1]. Intramuscular adrenaline (epinephrine) is…

Pericardiocentesis

… it does not exclude Diastolic collapse of the right atrium and right ventricle The cardinal echocardiographic finding A dilated inferior vena cava without respiratory variation…

🟠 Reference values for adult ECG

…a person with ECG signs of SND is symptomatic, the condition is classified as sick sinus syndrome (SSS) . Causes of tachycardia (tachyarrhythmia) with narrow QRS…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

Cardiology Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is classified according to haemodynamic status, clinical severity, evidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and…

Atropine: Dosing in Bradycardia and Its Limitations

…presenting as cardiovascular collapse and cardiac arrest. Evaluation and Physical Examination The source material does not provide specific details regarding the physical examination or general…

Complications of Coronary Angiography and Vascular Access Management

…and minor access site bleeding to myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary perforation, haemodynamic collapse, acute kidney injury, and death. The risk profile differs between diagnostic angiography…

No-Reflow Phenomenon During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Prevention and Treatment

…or atheroembolic material, but pharmacological and mechanical strategies directed specifically at reperfusion injury have not generally demonstrated sufficient clinical benefit for routine use. No reflow…

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