Procedurer Spirometry is the only investigation that distinguishes obstructive from restrictive impairment of lung function, and COPD cannot be diagnosed without it . The quality of…

…from pulmonary vascular disease, left sided cardiac disease, chronic lung disease or hypoxia, chronic thromboembolic obstruction, or a range of miscellaneous conditions. Because several mechanisms…

…3 IV Pneumonia, in chronic lung disease amoxicillin 750 mg × 3 PO 5–7 days or benzylpenicillin 3 g × 4 IV Pneumonia, suspected atypical pathogen…

…major active metabolite. Both the parent drug and its metabolite accumulate extensively in various tissues, including the liver, lung, fat, and skin, with myocardial concentrations…

…B Breathing Respiratory rate (12–20 / min) Chest wall movements Chest percussion Lung auscultation Pulse oximetry ( 95%) C Circulation Skin color Sweating Capillary refill time…

…related arrhythmias. The clinician must evaluate for the presence of worsening renal function, advanced age, hypokalemia, chronic lung disease, hypothyroidism, and amyloidosis. Furthermore, ongoing ischemia…

…gives 1 point each for age 80 years, cancer, chronic cardiac or pulmonary disease, a pulse ≥ 110/min, a systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg…

…appropriate for many patients. Long acting nitrates or ranolazine may be added when symptoms persist or when heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular dysfunction, contraindications…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the arterial wall in which lipid accumulation, vascular cell dysfunction…

…and dangerous in a few. The male urethra is about 25 cm long with two curves and a prostate that can grip; the female urethra…