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Management of bradycardia (bradyarrhythmia)

…bradycardia with hemodynamic instability Acute bradycardia with hemodynamic effects is a potentially life threatening condition and should be managed urgently. The risk of cardiogenic shock…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…Marked agitation or inability to cooperate. Copious secretions without an effective cough. Choice of method and settings Condition Method Starting pressure Escalation Oxygen target : : : : : Cardiogenic…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…the time of assessment. Ongoing chest discomfort with electrical or haemodynamic instability. Cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock. Features that favour ACS rather than chronic stable…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…how acute the condition is. A patient with a chronic plasma sodium of 112 mmol/L may be relatively unaffected, while a rapid fall from…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…with normal renal function, the occurrence of contrast induced AKI is negligible or very low. Risk rises substantially with chronic kidney disease, particularly diabetic kidney…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…with symptoms. Current guidance supports revascularisation for significant left main stenosis irrespective of symptomatic status or the documented ischaemic burden. In chronic coronary syndrome, revascularisation…

Posterior Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis on the Standard ECG

…of all major peripheral pulses. Blood pressure measurement in both arms. Cardiac auscultation. Pulmonary auscultation. Evaluation for heart failure. Assessment for circulatory compromise, haemodynamic instability…

Complete Versus Culprit-Only Revascularization in Acute Coronary Syndrome

…importance of residual disease is also influenced by anatomic complexity and comorbidity, which themselves may contribute to progression of native coronary artery disease. The chronic…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…No risk of hypercapnia and a normal blood gas Usually 94 to 98 percent An individually documented target prescription, for example in chronic hypercapnia Follow…

Spirometry

…coach actively, and do not accept a trace you would not be prepared to show a colleague. Indications Investigation of chronic cough, dyspnoea, wheeze or…

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