…circumstances where diabetes specific risk assessment or risk categorization is applicable Moderate or severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) Hypertension mediated organ damage (HMOD) Probable or…

…obstruction pH below 7.35 with raised pCO₂ Acute or acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure Rapidly falling pH An urgent ventilatory problem Focal chest…

…if tolerated 70–79 Diabetes 120–130 70–79 Chronic kidney disease 130–139 70–79 Avoid a systolic pressure < 120 mmHg and a…

…assess the effect clinically and with a repeat haemoglobin before ordering the next unit. In chronic anaemia with a treatable cause — iron deficiency, B12 deficiency…

…steroids and controlled oxygen. Acute on chronic hypercapnic failure in obesity hypoventilation and neuromuscular disease. Hypercapnic failure in cardiogenic pulmonary oedema that does not improve…

…3 IV Pneumonia, in chronic lung disease amoxicillin 750 mg × 3 PO 5–7 days or benzylpenicillin 3 g × 4 IV Pneumonia, suspected atypical pathogen…

…Conversely, patients with chronic renal failure may have very high values without the classical ECG findings. A rapidly rising potassium is usually more dangerous than…

…principle, not a universal target. Chronic hypertension shifts autoregulation in the brain and kidneys towards higher pressures. Too rapid a normalisation can therefore cause cerebral…

…how acute the condition is. A patient with a chronic plasma sodium of 112 mmol/L may be relatively unaffected, while a rapid fall from…

…shock. Vasodilatory shock. Heart failure, acute or chronic. Bradycardia (second line option). 3.0–10.0 μg/kg/min + ++++ + +++++ Intermediate dose dopamine activates β1…