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Paracentesis

…Confirm at least 2–3 cm of free fluid depth with no bowel in the path of the needle and measure the skin to peritoneum…

ECG changes due to electrolyte imbalance (disorder)

…V6, aVL, I). ECG in moderate hyperkalaemia Previously mentioned ECG changes becomes more pronounced. P waves become wider. P wave amplitude decreases. The P wave…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…attacks of vertigo, seconds to a minute or so, that are provoked by a change of position — turning over in bed, lying down, standing up…

Cardiac arrest due to electrolyte imbalance

…thiazide administration, and over supplementation of calcium and vitamin D. ECG in hypercalcemia Typical ECG changes: Shortened QT interval. Attenuated T wave amplitude. Prolonged QRS…

ECG in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH): criteria and implications

…ECG changes were previously referred to as strain pattern because it was believed that they indicated left ventricular exhaustion. However, this term is not in…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

Akutsjukvård Psykiatri Lathundar Delirium in older adults: quick reference A quick reference for ward and on call physicians: recognise hypoactive delirium, stabilise the patient, work…

Anticoagulation Strategies in Atrial Fibrillation

…independent risk factor [2] . This change reflects robust evidence that female sex alone, in the absence of other comorbidities, does not significantly increase stroke risk…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…and hemodynamic instability. Evaluation and physical examination The objective of decongestion is clinical euvolemia rather than an isolated numerical change in weight. Assessment should integrate…

High-Sensitivity Troponin: 0/1-Hour Rule-In and Rule-Out Algorithms

…of ischaemia represents acute myocardial injury rather than MI. Persistent elevation without a significant dynamic change is consistent with chronic myocardial injury. Non ischaemic conditions…

Pre-test Probability and Selection of Non-invasive Testing in Stable Angina

…to change management. In patients with a very low probability of obstructive CAD, testing may generate false positive results and unnecessary downstream procedures. In patients…

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