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Cardiac arrest due to hypoxia and asphyxia

…Etiologies of hypoxic cardiac arrest : Trauma and injuries : Direct trauma can cause airway injuries, resulting in obstruction. Central nervous system (CNS) injuries might cause apnea…

Urinary alkalinisation

…the same time reduces the passage of salicylate into the central nervous system. Contact your national or regional poison control centre for advice on the…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…can rapidly worsen the acidaemia and increase the entry of salicylate into the central nervous system. Discuss the case early with the poison control centre…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…withdrawal. Benzodiazepines enhance the function of the GABA A receptor and are cross tolerant with alcohol. They therefore treat the central mechanism underlying withdrawal, unlike…

Central venous catheter

…Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted peripheral venous access during prolonged intravenous therapy. The…

Diuretic Strategy and Decongestion in Heart Failure

…Congestion is a central expression of the heart failure syndrome and reflects excessive retention of sodium and water, with expansion of both the intravascular and…

Lipid-Lowering Therapy: Statins as First-Line Treatment

…naïve patients unlikely to achieve the LDL C goal with statin therapy alone, initiation of high intensity statin plus ezetimibe during hospitalization should be considered…

Evaluation of exercise stress test: ECG, symptoms, blood pressure, heart rate, performance

…Rating of Perceived Exertion Scale There is a strong correlation between a person's perceived exertion rating times 10 and the actual heart rate during…

🟠 Mitral valve

…Gonzalo; Baumgartner, Helmut et al. (2012): Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). In European heart journal 33 (19), pp. 2451–2496…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…This classification is central to determining the intensity of monitoring, supportive treatment, anticoagulation, and possible reperfusion. The principal pathophysiological determinant of early adverse outcome is…

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