…the relationship between the ventricles, the ventriculo arterial connection and the relationship of the great arteries (segmental analysis). Ventricular function is evaluated using ejection fraction…

…catheterization laboratory are intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Unlike coronary angiography, which produces a two dimensional luminogram and has limited specificity for…

…Level of evidence The pre hospital care of STEMI patients should be organized regionally (including all components from the emergency medical dispatch to catheterization laboratory…

…also common. Echocardiography Echocardiography has replaced catheterization for the assessment of tricuspid stenosis. Yet, there is no consensus regarding grading of tricuspid stenosis severity. Tricuspid…

…and procedural complexity. Overall incidence and major complications Complications during diagnostic coronary angiography occur in approximately 2% of patients. Serious events such as stroke and…

…suitable for stable (hemodynamically and respiratory) and fully conscious patients who experienced a brief cardiac arrest. Post resuscitation care is an integral component of the…

…largely replaced catheterization. This section discusses hemodynamic principles and how these can be leveraged to calculate stroke volume, cardiac output, pressure conditions, severity of stenoses…

…instability. Fewer than 1% of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) who reach the catheterization laboratory are found to have complete LMCA occlusion, likely…

…Carcinoid heart disease Tetralogy of Fallot Marfan syndrome Takayasu's arteritis Iatrogenic (e.g complication of catheterization) Congenital dysplasia/aplasia of the pulmonary valve Idiopathic…

…microcirculation. Indeed, studies show that 15–35% of patients with STE ACS/STEMI have inadequate microvascular flow despite patent epicardial blood flow. In such cases…

…duration of diastole compared to systole. Clinical utlility Monitoring MAP is essential for assessing adequate organ perfusion, especially in critically ill patients. A MAP of…

…them for urgent reperfusion therapy, which at the time was primarily fibrinolysis (Wilner et al.). Their findings revealed that a substantial number of these patients…

…The chain of care in acute STEMI Optimal care for patients with STEMI requires a well coordinated system involving both prehospital and hospital based services…

…impairment or a large residual volume. A need for accurate measurement of urine output in a critically ill patient. Perioperatively and postoperatively in longer procedures…

…these patients have a new bundle branch block, which in the case of left bundle branch block should lead the clinician to activate the catheterization…