…The waves, intervals, durations and assessment of rhythm is fundamental to ECG interpretation. Below follows a brief summary of the ECG waves, their appearance, terminology…

…but only if the examiner is trained. Brief attacks triggered by the position of the head relative to gravity: perform Dix Hallpike and, if needed…

…rise. Often outpatient or brief inpatient follow up depending on the clinical picture Moderate 6.0 to 6.4 mmol/L ECG and cardiac monitoring…

…pathway). This is associated with a delta wave. For further details on the PR interval and the PR segment, refer to The normal electrocardiogram (ECG).

…The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre. Indications Brief attacks of vertigo, seconds to a minute or so, that are provoked by a change of position…

…are supraventricular beats during sinus rhythm. A brief run of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) occurs after the 4th beat. The VT terminates spontaneously after a…

…waves are analyzed by the machine during the brief pauses between the pulses. Thus, the machine analyzes ("listens to") reflected sound waves immediately after it…

…the pericardium by an experienced clinician. The examination is typically as brief as the intervals required for rhythm checks. Achieving clear echocardiographic windows during active…

…brief: continuing pacing dependence, inadequate or unachievable transcutaneous capture, or when the patient cannot tolerate the pain of transcutaneous pacing. It is a bridge to…

…This functional definition encompasses several physiological states. Brief coronary occlusion or relatively prolonged moderate ischemia may produce post ischemic stunning. In the absence of infarction…

…safe for patients with narrow complex tachycardia (NCT). Adenosine typically causes a short lasting second or third degree AV block which may be unpleasant to…

…ischemia, which is a mechanism to protect the cell from continued ischemic damage by downregulating metabolism (and thus contractility). Stunning may persist for hours, days…

…ST segment depressions) that point to the left anterior descending artery (LAD) as the culprit. The coronary arteries: a brief overview The two primary coronary…

…has an abrupt onset, although a brief warm up phase lasting approximately 5 to 10 seconds may precede the full tachycardia. It is characterized by…

…echocardiography and Doppler studies are sufficient to study velocities, volumes, and pressure conditions in the heart. These techniques allow for the calculation of all clinically…

…inventions of the 20th century. Cardiac pacing has evolved from a hazardous experiment in the 1930s, to a routine, safe, and sophisticated treatment used worldwide…

…of lesions amenable to PCI. Stent selection must nevertheless be integrated with lesion anatomy, clinical presentation, bleeding risk, the anticipated need for non cardiac surgery…

…Myocardial injury is not synonymous with myocardial infarction. Cardiac troponin identifies injury to myocardial cells, but infarction requires additional clinical evidence that the injury resulted…

…Readiness and behavioural context A brief, structured intervention should be used whenever smoking is identified. During encounters with smokers, “very brief advice” can initiate discussion…

…INR), older age, drugs predisposing to bleeding and alcohol use. A high bleeding risk score should prompt correction of modifiable risk factors and closer surveillance…

…activation of the ventricular free walls is directed to the left and downwards ( Figure 7 ). The explanation for this is as follows: The vector resulting…

ECG Introduction to ECG interpretation ECG Interpretation: definitions, criteria, and characteristics of the normal ECG waves, intervals, durations and rhythm This is arguably one of…