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CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…not given another hour. Indications CPAP: Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema with hypoxaemia and marked work of breathing — the strongest indication, with a rapid effect on…

Anaphylaxis: quick reference for emergency management

…Anaphylaxis is a rapidly developing systemic hypersensitivity reaction that can cause life threatening compromise of the airway, breathing or circulation. Skin symptoms may be absent…

Acute severe asthma in adults: quick reference

…oedema and mucus plugging. Expiratory flow limitation causes air trapping and dynamic hyperinflation. The consequences are increased work of breathing, exhaustion and, in the most…

Terminology of sudden cardiac arrest and resuscitation

…with loss of mechanical cardiac function. Results in loss of consciousness, cessation of breathing, and absence of a palpable pulse. Ventricular contraction has ceased or…

Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…it specifies another approved regimen. The first 10 minutes 1. Assess airway, breathing and circulation. 2. Obtain a 12 lead ECG within 10 minutes. 3…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…be actively considered [1]. Do the following early: 1. Assess airway, work of breathing, level of consciousness and circulation. 2. Give controlled oxygen with a…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…time of symptom onset or the time last known to be well. 3. Assess airway, breathing and circulation. 4. Measure the plasma glucose immediately. 5…

Endotracheal intubation

…ventilation. Inadequate ventilation with a rising pCO₂ and respiratory acidosis, or a markedly increased work of breathing with impending exhaustion. Threatened airway obstruction: inhalation injury…

Hypertensive crisis: quick reference for acute blood pressure lowering

…3]. Step 1: confirm the blood pressure and stabilise the patient Immediate assessment 1. Assess airway, breathing, circulation and level of consciousness. 2. Attach ECG…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…Do not wait for the venous laboratory result. 1. Assess and stabilise the airway, breathing and circulation. 2. Measure the capillary or venous glucose. 3…

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