…without demonstrable ischaemia. The absence of obstructive disease therefore does not establish a benign diagnosis. ANOCA/INOCA is associated with recurrent symptoms, impaired quality of…

Procedurer Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on…

…of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy individuals, a tension pneumothorax arises when the…

…description of the quality of the dizziness — rotatory vertigo, unsteadiness or faintness — discriminates poorly between dangerous and benign causes. Ask primarily how the symptoms began…

…cold alone. The temperature at the outer edge of the tissue is decisive: benign tissue requires about −25 °C for reliable cell death, malignant tissue…

…Chest pain is one of the most nuanced symptoms in clinical practice and it is fundamental to be able to differentiate benign from serious etiologies…

…secondary, and the primary cardiac tumors, generally, are benign. Primary and secondary cardiac tumors • Primary cardiac tumors , which constitute a minority of cardiac tumors, occur…

…ECG definition. For decades it was believed that early repolarization was a benign condition, which is why the term benign early repolarization was coined. This…

…treatment. If the rhythm becomes completely regular when holding the breath, it is likely that the arrhythmia is benign; otherwise further examination is warranted. Figure…

…clinical presentation of VT, with a deep dive into the underlying etiologies ranging from benign idiopathic variants to complex scar related and genetic substrates. Furthermore…