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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

Procedurer Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy individuals, a tension pneumothorax arises when the…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…description of the quality of the dizziness — rotatory vertigo, unsteadiness or faintness — discriminates poorly between dangerous and benign causes. Ask primarily how the symptoms began…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…cold alone. The temperature at the outer edge of the tissue is decisive: benign tissue requires about −25 °C for reliable cell death, malignant tissue…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…Chest pain is one of the most nuanced symptoms in clinical practice and it is fundamental to be able to differentiate benign from serious etiologies…

Cardiac tumors

…Tumors that grow invasively in the myocardium can cause arrhythmias, which in turn can cause hemodynamic effects (impaired cardiac output). Benign primary cardiac tumors Most…

Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)

…ECG definition. For decades it was believed that early repolarization was a benign condition, which is why the term benign early repolarization was coined. This…

Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia)

…the same phenomenon. Sinus arrhythmia fulfill all criteria for sinus rhythm except from the fact that the rhythm is slightly irregular ( Figure 1 ). This is…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…clinical presentation of VT, with a deep dive into the underlying etiologies ranging from benign idiopathic variants to complex scar related and genetic substrates. Furthermore…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…the authors have confused a completely benign condition (male/female pattern) with a condition which is associated with 5 times as great a risk of…

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