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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre. Indications Brief attacks of vertigo, seconds…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy individuals, a tension pneumothorax arises when the volume of air is substantial enough to…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…targeted examination. The patient's description of the quality of the dizziness — rotatory vertigo, unsteadiness or faintness — discriminates poorly between dangerous and benign causes. Ask…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…margin must be included in the freeze. Contraindications Absolute: Suspected melanoma or any other pigmented lesion of uncertain diagnosis. A lesion in which histology is…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…table below shows a systematic history taking in patients presenting with chest pain (chest discomfort) or other symptoms suggestive of the five conditions listed above…

Cardiac tumors

…Thromboembolism). There are genetic syndromes that result in the emergence of multiple myxomas. Papillary fibroelastoma Papillary fibroelastoma is benign primary tumors affecting adults. These tumors…

Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)

…arrest in a population of 100 individuals, the absolute risk would be 3%. If 2 of those individuals were males and 1 was a female…

Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia)

…likely that the arrhythmia is benign; otherwise further examination is warranted. Figure 1. Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia). Treatment of sinus arrhythmia Sinus arrhythmia is…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…and clinical presentation of VT, with a deep dive into the underlying etiologies ranging from benign idiopathic variants to complex scar related and genetic substrates…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…up to 90% of males aged 40 years or younger display this). Hence, the authors have confused a completely benign condition (male/female pattern) with…

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