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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

Procedurer Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy individuals, a tension pneumothorax arises when the volume of air is substantial enough to…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…Concussion, temporal bone injury, dissection, aminoglycoside toxicity, antiepileptic drugs, alcohol or sedatives Trauma and medication directed workup This corresponds to the principles of TiTrATE, in…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…Dark skin: a risk of permanent hypopigmentation. Areas with poor circulation, above all the lower leg in a patient with peripheral arterial disease or diabetes…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…of symptoms etc. Chest pain is one of the most nuanced symptoms in clinical practice and it is fundamental to be able to differentiate benign…

Cardiac tumors

…Thromboembolism). There are genetic syndromes that result in the emergence of multiple myxomas. Papillary fibroelastoma Papillary fibroelastoma is benign primary tumors affecting adults. These tumors…

Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)

…ventricular fibrillation. The combination of early repolarization pattern on ECG and ventricular fibrillation or sudden cardiac arrest is referred to as early repolarization syndrome . Early…

Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia)

…likely that the arrhythmia is benign; otherwise further examination is warranted. Figure 1. Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia). Treatment of sinus arrhythmia Sinus arrhythmia is…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…and clinical presentation of VT, with a deep dive into the underlying etiologies ranging from benign idiopathic variants to complex scar related and genetic substrates…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…confused a completely benign condition (male/female pattern) with a condition which is associated with 5 times as great a risk of sudden cardiac death…

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