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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

Procedurer Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy individuals, a tension pneumothorax arises when the volume of air is substantial enough to…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…faintness — discriminates poorly between dangerous and benign causes. Ask primarily how the symptoms began, whether they are continuous or episodic, how long an attack lasts…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…Dark skin: a risk of permanent hypopigmentation. Areas with poor circulation, above all the lower leg in a patient with peripheral arterial disease or diabetes…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…of symptoms etc. Chest pain is one of the most nuanced symptoms in clinical practice and it is fundamental to be able to differentiate benign…

Cardiac tumors

…the size of the tumor, localization, hemodynamic effects and possible impact on the coronary arteries. The tumors can be asymptomatic for a long time and…

Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)

…ventricular fibrillation. The combination of early repolarization pattern on ECG and ventricular fibrillation or sudden cardiac arrest is referred to as early repolarization syndrome . Early…

Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia)

…likely that the arrhythmia is benign; otherwise further examination is warranted. Figure 1. Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia). Treatment of sinus arrhythmia Sinus arrhythmia is…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…Torsades de Pointes in Long QT Syndrome) [1] . Underlying Etiologies The etiology of VT is broadly dichotomized into structural heart disease (SHD) and structurally normal…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…confused a completely benign condition (male/female pattern) with a condition which is associated with 5 times as great a risk of sudden cardiac death…

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