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Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

Procedurer Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…lack of lung tissue) and its impact on cardiac function. Clinically, patients may present with: Absent breath sounds on the affected side Crepitus Subcutaneous emphysema…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…targeted examination. The patient's description of the quality of the dizziness — rotatory vertigo, unsteadiness or faintness — discriminates poorly between dangerous and benign causes. Ask…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…edge of the tissue is decisive: benign tissue requires about −25 °C for reliable cell death, malignant tissue about −50 °C. The outer limit of…

Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…of symptoms etc. Chest pain is one of the most nuanced symptoms in clinical practice and it is fundamental to be able to differentiate benign…

Cardiac tumors

…which constitute a minority of cardiac tumors, occur in the heart tissue. Approximately 80% of all primary tumors are benign, and the remaining ones are…

Early repolarization pattern on ECG (early repolarization syndrome)

…al it was reported that early repolarization was associated with 3–5 times as great a risk of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest…

Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia)

…likely that the arrhythmia is benign; otherwise further examination is warranted. Figure 1. Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia). Treatment of sinus arrhythmia Sinus arrhythmia is…

Ventricular Tachycardia

…anchored around myocardial scar tissue [5] . Polymorphic VT (PMVT): Characterized by a continuously changing QRS morphology and axis, indicating a dynamic sequence of ventricular activation…

Early repolarization on ECG: when guidelines confuse ECG criteria

…intend to present an ECG with early repolarization (which is associated with 5 times as great a risk of ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death)…

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