…lesion of uncertain diagnosis. A lesion in which histology is needed for management. Cryoglobulinaemia, cold agglutinin disease, cold urticaria. Relative: Basal cell carcinoma and squamous…

…Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on the…

…Pneumothorax Pneumothorax is characterized by the presence of free air in the thoracic cavity. While this can occasionally be benign and manifest even in healthy…

…targeted examination. The patient's description of the quality of the dizziness — rotatory vertigo, unsteadiness or faintness — discriminates poorly between dangerous and benign causes. Ask…

…of symptoms etc. Chest pain is one of the most nuanced symptoms in clinical practice and it is fundamental to be able to differentiate benign…

…structures. Polypoid myxomas are large; they have a smooth surface and a nucleus that often exhibits cavities, which consist of hemorrhages in the tumor. Polypoid…

…great a risk of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac arrest. This is a rather large increase in relative risk , but the absolute risk is…

…holding the breath, it is likely that the arrhythmia is benign; otherwise further examination is warranted. Figure 1. Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia). Treatment of…

…It meticulously details the classification, pathophysiological subtypes, and clinical presentation of VT, with a deep dive into the underlying etiologies ranging from benign idiopathic variants…

…the authors. They intend to present an ECG with early repolarization (which is associated with 5 times as great a risk of ventricular fibrillation and…