…lesion of uncertain diagnosis. A lesion in which histology is needed for management. Cryoglobulinaemia, cold agglutinin disease, cold urticaria. Relative: Basal cell carcinoma and squamous…

…Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is the commonest cause of vertigo in primary care and one of the few diagnoses that can be cured on the…

…by a lack of lung tissue) and its impact on cardiac function. Clinically, patients may present with: Absent breath sounds on the affected side Crepitus…

…targeted examination. The patient's description of the quality of the dizziness — rotatory vertigo, unsteadiness or faintness — discriminates poorly between dangerous and benign causes. Ask…

…of symptoms etc. Chest pain is one of the most nuanced symptoms in clinical practice and it is fundamental to be able to differentiate benign…

…in the heart tissue. Approximately 80% of all primary tumors are benign, and the remaining ones are malignant. • Secondary cardiac tumours have spread to the…

…Regarding the risk of ventricular fibrillation, it is believed that early repolarization is caused by altered ion channel function (alterations in sodium, potassium and calcium…

…holding the breath, it is likely that the arrhythmia is benign; otherwise further examination is warranted. Figure 1. Sinus arrhythmia (respiratory sinus arrhythmia). Treatment of…

…It meticulously details the classification, pathophysiological subtypes, and clinical presentation of VT, with a deep dive into the underlying etiologies ranging from benign idiopathic variants…

…the authors. They intend to present an ECG with early repolarization (which is associated with 5 times as great a risk of ventricular fibrillation and…