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Cardiovascular Risk in Inflammatory and Autoimmune Disease

…to three fold greater prevalence of asymptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) than the general population. The evidence for premature atherosclerosis is particularly strong in RA…

Familial Hypercholesterolaemia: Diagnosis, Cascade Screening and Treatment

…characterized by persistently elevated plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL C) from early life and a consequent excess risk of premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD)…

Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: Assessment and Treatment

…It is an important cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), cardiovascular risk factor clustering, disability and premature mortality. Cardiovascular conditions associated with obesity include hypertension, dyslipidaemia…

Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and sick sinus syndrome (SSS)

…increase function. However, it should be noted that any bradycardia originating in the sinoatrial node is unlikely to lead to premature death. Moreover, it is…

Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Prognostic Use in Practice

…population screening test. It may also be considered in selected lower risk individuals with a family history of premature coronary artery disease. CAC findings incidentally…

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy / Dysplasia (ARVC, ARVD)

…suggests ARVC. Low limb lead voltage. Patients with ARVC display frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVC), which may advance to monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). Ventricular tachycardia…

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…the rationale for therapeutic inhibition. Gain of function PCSK9 mutations are associated with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) and premature coronary heart disease, whereas loss of function…

ECG changes caused by antiarrhythmic drugs, beta blockers & calcium channel blockers

…particularly high risk of developing life threatening arrhythmias. Antiarrhythmic drugs Disopyramide Indications Prophylaxis and treatment of symptomatic ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Prophylaxis and treatment of atrial fibrillation…

Sinus bradycardia: definitions, ECG, causes and management

…zoom. Figure 2. Sinus bradycardia, two premature ventricular contractions, incomplete right bundle branch block and ST segment depressions in V2 V6. Click to zoom. Figure…

Pericardiocentesis

…haemodynamics, not the volume of fluid. A litre that has accumulated slowly can be asymptomatic, while 150 mL collected over an hour causes tamponade. The…

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