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Tricuspid regurgitation (TR/TI)

Echocardiography Tricuspid regurgitation The tricuspid valve separates the right ventricle and the right atrium. It normally consists of three leaflets (anterior, posterior and septal leaflet…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…L) — choose the subcutaneous route if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself…

The Cabrera format of the 12-lead ECG and inverted lead aVR

…from right anterior (V1) to left lateral (V6), but regrettably, the limb leads are not. Instead, the limb leads are displayed in two groups of…

The electrical axis of the heart (ECG axis)

…of right axis deviation have been excluded. Causes of left axis deviation Left bundle branch block. Left ventricular hypertrophy. Inferior infarction. Pre excitation. Left anterior…

The electrical axis of the heart (heart axis): ECG & physiology

…of right axis deviation have been excluded. Causes of left axis deviation Left bundle branch block. Left ventricular hypertrophy. Inferior infarction. Pre excitation. Left anterior…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…The contralateral side of the septum already cauterised — bilateral cautery carries a risk of perforation Anterior packing: Suspected base of skull fracture or a significant…

Fascicular block (hemiblock): Left anterior & left posterior fascicular block

…conduction defect. Roughly 7% of cases progress to bifascicular block (which means that the LAFB is accompanied by a right bundle branch block), while 3…

Left Main Coronary Artery Disease: Revascularisation Strategy

…a lesion proximal to the first septal perforator of the left anterior descending artery was associated with lower five year survival than a more distal…

Left Ventricular Thrombus After Myocardial Infarction

…with extensive anterior or transmural infarction, apical dysfunction, LV aneurysm formation, and reduced LV systolic function. The principal mechanisms are the combination of an abnormal…

ECG manifestations of left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion and critical stenosis

…is a rare but catastrophic manifestation of acute coronary syndromes. The LMCA supplies a large myocardial territory through the left anterior descending (LAD) and left…

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