…mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis if the pCO₂ is not low enough High Low Normal or low Respiratory alkalosis High High High Metabolic alkalosis with…

…requiring invasive monitoring and slower administration. Significant metabolic alkalosis or an arterial pH above 7.55 already before starting. Severe hypernatraemia. Preparation and equipment Two…

…particularly strong in RA and SLE. Ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated vasculitis, Takayasu arteritis, giant cell arteritis and APS may also be…

…and torsade de pointes. Hypocalcemia Causes of hypocalcemia Acute pancreatitis, pancreas surgery, alkalosis (hyperventilation), rhabdomyolysis, septicemia (sepsis), osteolytic cancer metastases, abnormal calcium absorption (gastrointestinal) and…

…rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis MACOCHA is validated for the intensive care patient and totals 12 points: Mallampati III–IV (5 points), obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome…

…acute pancreatitis, alkalosis due to hyperventilation, rhabdomyolysis (particularly the initial phase), sepsis, malignancies with osteoblastic metastases, diminished calcium absorption and/or enhanced calcium excretion, chronic…