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Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…incoming products and contact with the blood bank. 3. Secure large bore access, or rapid central access, but do not delay transfusion or control of…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

Cardiology Clinical medicine Definition and Pathophysiology An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is diagnosed when the abdominal aortic diameter exceeds 3 cm. Most AAAs are located…

PCSK9 Inhibitors: Indications, Efficacy and Access

…and improves walking distance. The role of PCSK9 inhibition in thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysmal disease remains an emerging area of research. Pharmacological Classes and…

Left Ventricular Thrombus After Myocardial Infarction

…particularly associated with extensive anterior or transmural infarction, apical dysfunction, LV aneurysm formation, and reduced LV systolic function. The principal mechanisms are the combination of…

Pharmacologic agents in myocardial perfusion imaging

…severe aortic stenosis, decompensated heart failure, or aortic aneurysm. Baseline ECG abnormalities rendering ST T interpretation difficult, including left bundle branch block (LBBB) or pacemaker…

Spirometry

…abdominal or thoracic surgery 1 month Neurosurgery or an intracranial aneurysm Contact the responsible specialist An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An…

🟠 Adjusted aortic root dimension

…12 \times \text{BSA} ) ≥40 years : ( \text{SOVd} = 1.92 + 0.74 \times \text{BSA} ) Definition of aortic aneurysm Sinus of Valsalva 45 mm…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…with extensive atherosclerosis and frequently occurs in older patients with multiple vascular comorbidities. An isolated PAU is one without associated IMH, dissection, or saccular aneurysm…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…progression of peripheral arterial disease, cardiac or aortic embolisation, acute aortic dissection, thrombosis of a graft or aneurysm, popliteal artery entrapment, trauma, phlegmasia cerulea dolens…

Lipoprotein(a): Measurement and Clinical Implications

…have also been extended to peripheral arterial disease, ischaemic stroke, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and calcific aortic valve stenosis. Lp(a) is not associated with venous…

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