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Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…by rhabdomyolysis, with potential renal failure and increased mortality. Clinical presentation and symptoms Symptoms commonly develop rapidly, often within an hour of arterial occlusion. The…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…in approximately 70% of patients with aortic dissection. PAU is particularly associated with advanced age, smoking, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal insufficiency…

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: Screening and Surveillance

…An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is diagnosed when the abdominal aortic diameter exceeds 3 cm. Most AAAs are located below the renal arteries and are…

Cardiac thromboembolism: cardiac sources of embolism

…Left ventricular aneurysm with thrombus Cardiomyopathies Valve prosthesis Devices (pacemaker, ICD CRT) Endocarditis Cardiac tumors Atherosclerosis of the aorta LOW EMBOLIC POTENTIAL SEP (Spontaneous Echocardiographic…

🟠 Adjusted aortic root dimension

…12 \times \text{BSA} ) ≥40 years : ( \text{SOVd} = 1.92 + 0.74 \times \text{BSA} ) Definition of aortic aneurysm Sinus of Valsalva 45 mm…

Pulmonary stenosis

…usually thickened and during systole leaflet doming appears. The proximal part of the pulmonary artery is frequently dilated. The maximum and mean pressure gradient is…

Spirometry

…An aortic aneurysm 6 cm Relative — avoid forced manoeuvres An ongoing respiratory infection with a risk of transmission Until symptom free Haemoptysis of unclear cause…

Massive haemorrhage and transfusion: quick reference

…aortic aneurysm or another major vascular bleed. Perioperative bleeding that rapidly fills the suction, the swabs or the operative field and requires repeated units of…

Left Ventricular Thrombus After Myocardial Infarction

…dysfunction, LV aneurysm formation, and reduced LV systolic function. The principal mechanisms are the combination of an abnormal thrombogenic endocardial surface and blood stasis. During…

Lipoprotein(a): Measurement and Clinical Implications

…relationship between Lp(a) associated genetic variants and coronary artery disease. Associations have also been extended to peripheral arterial disease, ischaemic stroke, abdominal aortic aneurysm…

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