…0.4 0.8 2.1 Table 1. Survival in out of hospital cardiac arrest due to external causes ( Kitamura et al). References DeBehnke DJ…

…risk of bleeding complications due to anticoagulants. Components of the ATRIA Score The ATRIA score assigns points based on five clinical factors: Anemia: Hemoglobin <13…

…This is due to altered tone in the autonomic nervous system, with increased sympathetic input (leading to stimulation of beta adrenergic receptors) and parasympathetic withdrawal…

…These age variations in heart rate are due to variations in the activity of the autonomic nervous system and changes in the automaticity of the…

…severe bleeding. Particular caution is required for: Patients aged ≥ 75 years. Patients with a tendency to bleed (e.g., due to recent trauma, surgery, gastrointestinal…

…crucial to distinguish Type 2 MI from acute and chronic myocardial injury. Myocardial injury is characterised by myocyte necrosis and troponin elevation due to mechanisms…

…or a prior heart attack and a high risk of developing an atherothrombotic event. Contraindications Hypersensitivity to the active substance or any excipient. Active bleeding…

…Mental impairment with limited ability to cooperate Resting hypertension with systolic or diastolic blood pressures 200/110 mmHg Uncorrected medical conditions, such as significant anemia…

…bleeding risk prediction in AF patients, the HAS BLED score demonstrated superior predictive performance compared to both HEMORR₂HAGES and ATRIA. The HAS BLED score had…

…Contraindications Anaemia that can be corrected with iron, B12 or folate in a stable patient. Transfusion given solely to reach a laboratory value without a…

… raised by anaemia, age and pregnancy Procalcitonin < 0.25 µg/L Supports a bacterial aetiology; used to guide antibiotic therapy Glucose and lipids Test…

…functional ventricular abnormalities and progressive neurohormonal activation. The therapeutic rationale for disease modifying treatment is to reduce mortality, prevent recurrent hospitalization for worsening heart failure…

…dysfunction, haemodynamic instability, anaemia and other nephrotoxic exposures may contribute to tubular injury, making attribution to contrast alone difficult. In patients with normal renal function…

…myocardial injury. Non ischaemic conditions, including myocarditis, rapid ventricular rate atrial fibrillation, marked anaemia, hypertensive emergency, heart failure, and end stage renal disease, may produce…

…Acute aortic dissection. Physical inability to perform the test safely. Relative: Condition Comment : : Left main stenosis Known — perform the test only on a clear indication…

…the risk of falls; anaemia and a known gastrointestinal source are investigated before starting. A referral or notification to the anticoagulation clinic, and a decision…

…reducing myocardial ischaemia and relieving anginal symptoms, while maintaining tolerability and adherence. Selection should be individualized according to blood pressure, heart rate, left ventricular function…

…Heart failure extends across the full range of LVEF, and echocardiographic measurement is subject to meaningful variability. HFmrEF may therefore represent several clinically distinct trajectories…

…Myocardial injury is not synonymous with myocardial infarction. Cardiac troponin identifies injury to myocardial cells, but infarction requires additional clinical evidence that the injury resulted…

…It is defined by symptoms lasting more than 3 months and attributable to established reversible myocardial ischaemia in either of two settings: Obstructive coronary artery…

…and infarction Definition and conceptual framework Acute coronary occlusion is the abrupt or progressive reduction of coronary blood flow sufficient to produce myocardial ischaemia and…