…22 36 mm Descending aorta 20 30 mm ​Indexing means that the value is adjusted for body surface area (BSA), given in square metres. Aorta…

CPR Hearts too good to die In 1961 the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) published an article titled Hearts too good to die…

…203 × (0.742 if female) × (1.212 if African American) The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation is a widely used tool for…

…also be superimposed on existing bundle branch blocks and alter their appearance. Some patients develop nonspecific intraventricular conduction defects without any change in their QRS…

…the primary ECG finding is the ST segment depressions. In STE ACS, on the other hand, the ST segment depressions are secondary findings and the…

…on the other hand, are much less likely to be caused by ischemia ( Figure 1 B ). This is noted in both North American and European…

…year risk of SCD in patients with HCM. What is the HCM Risk Calculator? The HCM Risk Calculator is based on the HCM Risk SCD…

…a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European…

…Gonzalo; Baumgartner, Helmut et al. (2012): Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). In European heart journal 33 (19), pp. 2451–2496…

…native valve disease). In European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 11 (3), pp…

…for clinical practice. In European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 10 (1), pp…

…American Heart Association (AHA), and World Heart Federation (WHF) collaborated to redefine MI using a biochemical and clinical approach. This culminated in the Universal Definition…

Echocardiography Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular diastolic function Methods for evaluating left ventricular diastolic function have evolved considerably in the past two decades. Currently recommended…

…new guidelines are based on data derived from studies conducted mainly in North America and Europe. Moreover, the guideline committee included representatives from North America…

…interchangeably both in clinical practice and in the literature. Tachyarrhythmias: causes, differential diagnoses, treatment and management Any heart rate faster than 100 beats per minute…

…ejection fraction (EF) Studies in healthy individuals suggest that the mean ejection fraction is 63% to 69%. European and American guidelines concur that the lower…

…clinical syndrome characterized by the cardinal symptoms and signs of heart failure (HF) in the presence of a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥50…

…This resulted in difficulties when comparing examinations in clinical practice and research. Therefore, the American Heart Association (AHA) and the European Society for Cardiology (ESC…

…is often necessary in the acute setting and is currently the only treatment with class I recommendation according to European (ESC) and North American (AHA…

…of bradyarrhythmia on ECG recordings. Normal heart rate and normal variants Normal resting heart rate is 50 to 95 beats per minute in the afternoon…

…and the American College of Cardiology (ACC). Definition of heart rhythm A rhythm is defined as three consecutive heartbeats displaying identical waveforms on the ECG…

…on the other hand, is caused by a complete coronary artery occlusion, which results in the complete stop of blood flow and thus more extensive…

…TTE) examination and it is in line with guidelines issued by ASE, EACVI and BSE. External resources Guidelines from ASE (American Society of Echocardiography) Guidelines…

…on the basis of morbid anatomy. This is not a new experience for either the pathologist or the internist. That there is something lacking in…

…new guidelines are based on data derived from studies conducted mainly in North America and Europe. Moreover, the guideline committee included representatives from North America…

…A large body of evidence, based on randomized controlled clinical trials, supports the concepts and recommendations presented in this chapter. ECG examples of ST Elevation…

…and the initial rise is insufficient [3,6]. European protocols have also used 150 mL per bolus, while American and several more recent reviews use

…Sources American Diabetes Association, Standards of Care in Diabetes: diabetes care in the hospital. Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline on the management of hyperglycaemia in…

…with two dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. In Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 16 (7), pp…

…for clinical practice. In European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 10 (1), pp…

…at low workloads; its role in improving death or MI outcomes is more limited and depends on the coronary anatomy and clinical setting. Beta blockers…

…North American (AHA, ACC) and European (ESC) guidelines recommend that patients presenting with ST segment depressions in V1–V3 should be managed as patients with…

…A diagnosis of myocardial infarction is based on the following three components: Cardiac troponins – Elevation of cardiac troponins in peripheral blood is mandatory to establish…

…on the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The majority of all clinical trials, epidemiological studies and mechanistic studies have been carried out in…

…on the measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The majority of all clinical trials, epidemiological studies and mechanistic studies have been carried out in…

…to come to expression on ECG. Therefore, ischemic ST T changes (ST elevations, ST depressions, T wave changes) are typically concealed in the setting of…

…Heart Failure Society of America Curtis et al: The association of left ventricular ejection fraction, mortality, and cause of death in stable outpatients with heart…

…Rupture: Accounting for 60 70% of ACS presentations, plaque rupture typically occurs in thin cap fibroatheromas (TCFAs). These vulnerable plaques possess a massive necrotic lipid…

…noticed that the chest leads (V1 through V6) are displayed on the ECG paper in their anatomically contiguous order from right anterior (V1) to left…

…to arrival of the EMS is 10 to 15 minutes in Europe and North America, resulting in a survival rate of approximately 30% if the…