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Approach to patients with chest pain: differential diagnoses, management & ECG

…Hypertension. Smoking. Dyslipidemia (hyperlipidemia). Obesity and/or diabetes. Psychosocial stress. Alcohol abuse. Physical inactivity. Unhealthy diet. Cerebral / peripheral vascular disease. Cancer. Acute coronary syndromes cause…

Alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens: quick reference

…despite a measurable or high blood alcohol concentration, particularly in patients with marked tolerance. The most important measures in severe or complicated withdrawal are: 1…

Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease

…implications of lower alcohol intake remain controversial. Epidemiological studies have often described a J shaped association between consumption and cardiovascular outcomes, with apparently lower overall…

Liver parameters

…and the speed of the course. An AST/ALT ratio 2 with moderately raised values suggests alcohol related liver disease; a ratio < 1 suggests…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…recovered. 7. Follow up with a meal or with continued glucose administration adapted to the cause. 8. Identify drugs, renal failure, alcohol, a missed meal…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…into an arm with a dialysis fistula. Preparation and equipment Hand disinfection; gloves where there is a risk of blood contact. An alcohol or chlorhexidine…

Joint aspiration

…Preparation and equipment Chlorhexidine in alcohol 5 mg/mL: clean with 3–4 swabs in wide circles and let it dry for a couple of…

🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

…as asthma attacks, angioedema, or urticaria with NSAIDs). Alcohol consumption may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Serious skin reactions (e.g., Stevens Johnson syndrome…

🟠 ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Bleeding Risk Score

…age 65, and concomitant drug/alcohol use. Some studies suggest HAS BLED has comparable or slightly superior predictive capability for major bleeding compared to ATRIA…

🟠 Clonidine

…rebound hypertension. Withdraw slowly. • Simultaneous use of tricyclic antidepressants reduces the effect of clonidine. • Clonidine increases the CNS depressive effects of alcohol and sedatives. Clonidine…

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