Articles & courses

Articles
Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…same as for a central venous catheter — coagulopathy, infection at the puncture site, known thrombosis in the target vein. With a mechanical tricuspid prosthesis the…

Wound suturing

…diabetes with neuropathy, immunosuppression, and high dose corticosteroids. The time limit and the choice of closure strategy The classical limit of 6–8 hours for…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…Endothelial and smooth muscle cells normally regulate vascular tone, preserve an antithrombotic surface, and control the adhesion and migration of inflammatory cells. Dyslipidaemia, cigarette smoking…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

…progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

Microvascular Angina and INOCA: Diagnosis with CFR and IMR

…Among patients referred for invasive angiography, ANOCA/INOCA is more frequent in women, affecting approximately 50–70% of women compared with 30–50% of men…

Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)

…now accounting for over 50% of all incident heart failure cases globally [5] . Registry data, including the Get With The Guidelines Heart Failure (GWTG HF…

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…older patients with heavily calcified, tortuous vessels [2] . Regardless of the initiating mechanism, the exposure of thrombogenic material triggers a rapid cascade of platelet adhesion …

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