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Articles
Wound suturing

…on the hand. These are as a rule left open. Facial bites can be sutured after careful debridement because of the cosmesis, often with antibiotic…

Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…preferably anteroposteriorly : one anteriorly over the praecordium to the left of the sternum, the other on the back between the left scapula and the spine…

Atherosclerosis: Pathogenesis from Fatty Streak to Plaque Rupture

…Endothelial and smooth muscle cells normally regulate vascular tone, preserve an antithrombotic surface, and control the adhesion and migration of inflammatory cells. Dyslipidaemia, cigarette smoking…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

…bind to the upregulated adhesion molecules, transmigrate into the intima via diapedesis, and differentiate into tissue macrophages under the influence of macrophage colony stimulating factor…

Microvascular Angina and INOCA: Diagnosis with CFR and IMR

…promote the release of adhesion molecules, inflammatory cytokines, and vasoconstricting mediators, producing abnormal vascular responses and potentially increasing the future risk of obstructive coronary disease…

Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF)

…chronic, systemic proinflammatory state. This circulating inflammation leads to coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction, characterized by the upregulation of adhesion molecules (e.g., VCAM 1) a

Non-ST Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina

…Regardless of the initiating mechanism, the exposure of thrombogenic material triggers a rapid cascade of platelet adhesion (mediated by von Willebrand factor and Glycoprotein Ib…

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