…7.35 with raised pCO₂ Acute or acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure Rapidly falling pH An urgent ventilatory problem Focal chest pain or unilaterally…

…of hypotension Heart rate and tachycardia Respiratory rate and oxygenation Evidence of systemic congestion or acute RV failure Syncope or altered clinical status Comorbid cardiopulmonary…

…50 percent or less together with marked symptoms indicates a severe attack, while a PEF below 33 percent or signs of ventilatory failure means life…

…in old age or in renal failure, reduce it further. Starting doses in acute pain in an opioid naive adult Agent Route Starting dose Comment…

…with thrombosis; other cases result from spasm, microvascular dysfunction, embolism, dissection, hypotension or shock, respiratory failure, severe anaemia, sustained bradyarrhythmia, tachyarrhythmia, or severe hypertension with…

…hypoxia, or sleep disordered breathing Group 4: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease Group 5: PH with unclear or multifactorial mechanisms…

…and presence of high risk arrhythmias on ECG guides the management of non acute or asymptomatic bradyarrhythmia. In patients presenting with intermittent symptoms of bradycardia…

…ischemia or infarction, acute heart failure, or pulmonary oedema. Patients may present with chest pain, severe breathlessness, hypoxaemia, rales, or respiratory distress. In patients with…

…respiratory failure with severe hypoxaemia, severe anaemia, and hypotension or shock. Conversely, mechanisms that increase myocardial oxygen demand include sustained tachyarrhythmia and severe hypertension, with…

…respiratory or haemodynamic failure that cannot be corrected quickly. Rapid sequence induction is used when intubation is required [1]. In salicylate poisoning, intubation with an…