…Early infarct associated pericarditis , which develops from several hours to approximately 4 days after infarction and is usually transient. Late post acute myocardial infarction pericarditis …

…Nevertheless, the retrosternal chest pain in acute pericarditis is very similar to that in STEMI. The combination of retrosternal chest pain and ST elevation on…

…A long series of conditions can affect the pericardium (pericardium). The most common of these are acute pericarditis (perimyocarditis), constrictive pericarditis, pericardial effusion and tamponade…

…5]. 3. Acute Pericarditis Pain Characteristics: The pain is typically pleuritic and tends to worsen when the patient lies flat or moves [2], [5]. Localization…

…patient denial, often leads to a mistaken impression of indigestion. STEMI pain can simulate pain from acute pericarditis, pulmonary embolism, acute aortic dissection, costochondritis, and…

…Decompensated heart failure. Acute pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Acute myocarditis, pericarditis or endocarditis. Acute aortic dissection. Physical inability to perform the test safely…

…thoracic surgery, acute myocardial infarction, pericarditis/myocarditis or pulmonary embolism is often a reversible arrhythmia with low risk of recurrence. Atrial fibrillation in other circumstances…

…bacterial, and tuberculous infections. Post pericardiotomy syndrome. Acute transmural myocardial infarction. Rupture of the free ventricular wall. Neoplasms (particularly breast and lung cancer). Inflammatory conditions…

…4, 5]. In contrast to acute myocardial infarction, pericarditis lacks prominent reciprocal ST depression and does not evolve into pathologic Q waves [4]. Additionally, PR…

…severe aortic stenosis Decompensated heart failure Acute pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction, or deep vein thrombosis Acute myocarditis or pericarditis Acute aortic dissection Physical disability that…

…septic shock Haemoglobin, transfusion threshold 70 g/L 80 g/L in acute coronary syndrome See the circulatory and haemodynamic parameters for pressures, flows and…

…The emergency evaluation of non traumatic chest discomfort is structured around three principal diagnostic categories: Myocardial ischaemia , particularly acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Other cardiopulmonary causes …

…Extension of the original infarction or reinfarction Acute native vessel thrombosis Stent thrombosis Mechanical complications of myocardial infarction Pericarditis Dynamic recurrence of ST segment elevation…

…free wall rupture after infarction Anticoagulant associated bleeding Renal failure Systemic inflammatory disease Catheter based electrophysiological and structural cardiac procedures In patients with acute pericarditis…

Kardiologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar Overview Acute coronary syndrome comprises STEMI, NSTEMI and unstable angina. Management begins in parallel with the diagnostic work up. Obtain an interpretable…

…messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines…

…Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the following criteria is met [1]: A rise in…

…of breathing, level of consciousness and PEF improve at the same time. Acute severe asthma is characterised by bronchospasm, mucosal oedema and mucus plugging. Expiratory…

Neurologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar About this quick reference This is a practical quick reference for emergency physicians in suspected acute ischaemic stroke. It covers time windows…

Neurologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar Rapid overview Acute dizziness is managed most safely by first establishing the time course and precipitating circumstances , and then selecting a targeted…

…abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Acute chest and/or back pain is the predominant symptom of both IMH and PAU. PAU pain may…

…in symptoms or clinical signs, with or without diagnostic electrocardiographic abnormalities and with or without an acute rise in cardiac troponin. The spectrum ranges from…

Clinical medicine Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that…

Cardiology Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is classified according to haemodynamic status, clinical severity, evidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction ECG Posterior (posterolateral) acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) The heart is rotated 30° to the left in the thorax. This positions the…

…it further. Starting doses in acute pain in an opioid naive adult Agent Route Starting dose Comment : : : : Morphine IV 2.5–5 mg, repeated after…

…Williams classification (Table 1). Agents in bold text are commonly used to prevent or treat acute and subacute ventricular arrhythmias. The Singh Vaughan Williams classification…

…disease and advanced CKD. The clinical course is often more rapidly reversible than that of other forms of acute tubular necrosis, although the complication remains…

ECG Introduction The traditional classification of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) into ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), non STEMI (NSTEMI), and unstable angina (UA) has…

…ST segment depressions and/or T wave inversions. Most patients with NSTE ACS will develop acute myocardial infarction, which is then classified as NSTEMI (Non…

…Diagnostic criteria for acute myocardial infarction A diagnosis of myocardial infarction is based on the following three components: Cardiac troponins – Elevation of cardiac troponins in…

…be counteracted with simultaneous administration of norepinephrine. All patients with severe acute heart failure who receive levosimendan should be monitored invasively (e.g. arterial line…

…or fully occlusive intraluminal thrombus [5] . ACS Classification The clinical spectrum of Acute Coronary Syndromes encompasses Unstable Angina (UA), Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)…

…be studied in detail. Figure 2. The electrocardiographic natural course in STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction). Pitfalls Acute transmural ischemia located in the basal portio

Kardiologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar Key message The distinction that determines management is: is there acute hypertension mediated organ damage or not? A single blood pressure value…

…V7, V8 and V9 in patients with high suspicion of posterior acute myocardial infarction (e.g due to reciprocal ST segment depressions in V1, V2…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology In acute coronary syndrome (ACS) with multivessel coronary artery disease (MVD), revascularization may be directed exclusively at the…

…receptor inhibitor. It is central to the prevention of platelet mediated coronary thrombosis after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Aspirin irreversibly…

Cardiology Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and conceptual framework Acute coronary occlusion is the abrupt or progressive reduction of coronary blood flow sufficient to produce…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Use of ECG in acute coronary syndromes & chest pain patients An ECG must be performed on all patients seeking medical…

…Myocardial ischemia and infarction Factors that modify infarct size and the natural course in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) The traditional distinction between NSTE ACS (NSTEMI…

Conduction defects ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Left bundle branch block (LBBB) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI): clinical implications & Sgarbossa criteria Contrary to right bundle…

…the onset of myocardial infarction. This is utilized in clinical practice by detecting troponins in patients with suspected acute coronary syndromes. Several manufacturers have developed…

Indications Acute myocardial infarction. Unstable coronary artery disease. Stable angina pectoris. Secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, such as: Transient ischemic attacks (TIA…

Procedurer In acute circulatory failure it is not the number of cannulae that matters but the flow per unit time . A large bore, short cannula…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction ECG in acute myocardial ischemia: ischemic ST segment & T wave changes This chapter discusses typical and atypical changes in the…

…young individuals. The severity of symptoms and presence of high risk arrhythmias on ECG guides the management of non acute or asymptomatic bradyarrhythmia. In patients…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) always affects the left ventricle Myocardial infarction is virtually synonymous with left ventricular infarction . All myocardial…

Myocardial ischemia and infarction Pharmacology & dosing Definition and pathophysiology Atherosclerosis and acute coronary syndromes have important inflammatory components. Inflammation contributes to atherothrombosis through activation of…

ECG Exercise stress test Exercise stress testing in patients with previous acute coronary syndromes (myocardial infarction), women, elderly and revascularized individuals Clinicians should be familiar…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Non ST Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes (NSTE ACS): Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) and Unstable Angina (UA) The focus…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction ST segment depression due to acute myocardial ischemia ST segment depressions caused by ischemia are characterized by a horizontal or…

…7 STEMI Example 8 STEMI Example 9 STEMI Example 10 STEMI Example 11 STEMI Example 12 ECG examples of acute STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction)…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction T wave changes in acute myocardial infarction & ischemia A thorough discussion regarding the physiology of the T wavewas previously provided…

Cardiology Emergency medicine Surgery & trauma Definition and Pathophysiology Aortic dissection is a major form of acute aortic syndrome (AAS), alongside intramural haematoma, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer…

Cardiology Critical care Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Pathophysiology In the management of acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock, intravenous vasoactive agents are categorised according to…

…Myocardial ischemia and infarction Definition and pathophysiology Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an acute coronary disorder caused by separation within the coronary arterial wall…

…Angina occurring after a recent myocardial infarction. UA belongs to the broader spectrum of acute coronary syndromes, which may present with recent changes in symptoms…