…tolerance. Indications Acute severe nociceptive pain where paracetamol and a COX inhibitor are not enough: fracture, renal colic, ischaemic pain, pancreatitis, major trauma. Postoperative pain…

…For example, in cardiac arrest due to pulmonary embolism the initial rhythm is typically PEA, which is explained by the fact that the embolus prevents…

…treatment of the underlying cause. Hypocalcemi Hypocalcemia may arise from various causes, including acute pancreatitis, alkalosis due to hyperventilation, rhabdomyolysis (particularly the initial phase), sepsis…

…of ECG in acute coronary syndromes & chest pain patients An ECG must be performed on all patients seeking medical attention due to chest discomfort or…

…The patient will experience severe chest pain due to the abrupt reduction of coronary blood flow. Acute coronary syndromes are subdivided into STE ACS and…

…V7, V8 and V9 in patients with high suspicion of posterior acute myocardial infarction (e.g due to reciprocal ST segment depressions in V1, V2…

…pathological Q waves may be used to diagnose myocardial ischemia and infarction. Symptoms – Patients with acute myocardial infarction may present with typical ischemic chest pain…

…and unstable angina. Although ECG changes in NSTEMI and unstable angina have been discussed previously (refer to Classification of Acute Coronary Syndromes, and Ischemia and…

…STEMI Example 12 ECG examples of acute STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction). Overview of management Click the diagram to enlarge. Chest pain (discomfort) is the…

…and prognosticate survival. However, exercise stress testing must not be performed within 4 to 6 days after acute myocardial infarction. Moreover, early exercise tests should…