…of myocardium at risk. Over 48 hours: urgent PCI is still indicated with continuing ischaemia, shock, serious arrhythmia or acute heart failure. Routine opening of…

…messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the blood gas determines…

Njurmedicin Lathundar Acute management on call Acute kidney injury, AKI, is a syndrome of rapidly deteriorating renal function. Management is governed not by the creatinine…

…or reduced air entry Silent or nearly silent chest pCO₂ Low Usually low Normal or raised Other Moderate work of breathing Accessory muscle use Cyanosis…

…The standard investigation in acute stroke to identify large vessel occlusion, dissection or other vascular pathology CT perfusion Used with an unclear time of onset…

…is: Continuous acute dizziness with spontaneous nystagmus: consider HINTS plus, but only if the examiner is trained. Brief attacks triggered by the position of the…

…Symptoms Acute chest and/or back pain is the predominant symptom of both IMH and PAU. PAU pain may resemble the abrupt pain of classic…

…without diagnostic electrocardiographic abnormalities and with or without an acute rise in cardiac troponin. The spectrum ranges from symptom free presentation to persistent chest discomfort…

Clinical medicine Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that…

…by limited cardiopulmonary reserve or other adverse comorbidity. The classification of acute PE comprises four clinically useful groups: High risk PE , also termed massive PE…