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Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

Kardiologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar Overview Acute coronary syndrome comprises STEMI, NSTEMI and unstable angina. Management begins in parallel with the diagnostic work up. Obtain an interpretable…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…silent chest Very severe airflow obstruction pH below 7.35 with raised pCO₂ Acute or acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure Rapidly falling pH An…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

…Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the following criteria is met [1]: A rise in…

Acute severe asthma in adults: quick reference

…of breathing, level of consciousness and PEF improve at the same time. Acute severe asthma is characterised by bronchospasm, mucosal oedema and mucus plugging. Expiratory…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…angiography The standard investigation in acute stroke to identify large vessel occlusion, dissection or other vascular pathology CT perfusion Used with an unclear time of…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…triggers it [1,2]. The single most important practical rule is: Continuous acute dizziness with spontaneous nystagmus: consider HINTS plus, but only if the examiner…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…with advanced age, smoking, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal insufficiency, systemic hypertension, and concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysm. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Acute…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…Definition and pathophysiology Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) comprises a spectrum of clinical presentations caused by suspected acute myocardial ischaemia. It includes patients with recent changes…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…adequate. For example, a patient with acute graft occlusion may report an abrupt reduction in walking distance before claudication, accompanied by moderate pain or paresthesia…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

Cardiology Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is classified according to haemodynamic status, clinical severity, evidence of right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and…

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