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Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

Kardiologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar Overview Acute coronary syndrome comprises STEMI, NSTEMI and unstable angina. Management begins in parallel with the diagnostic work up. Obtain an interpretable…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…or nearly silent chest Very severe airflow obstruction pH below 7.35 with raised pCO₂ Acute or acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure Rapidly falling…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

…both the cause and the severity [1]. Three questions must be answered immediately: 1. Is there obstruction to urine flow? 2. Is the patient hypovolaemic…

Acute severe asthma in adults: quick reference

…of breathing, level of consciousness and PEF improve at the same time. Acute severe asthma is characterised by bronchospasm, mucosal oedema and mucus plugging. Expiratory…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…with respect to an excellent functional outcome, without an increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage or death [3]. Acute overview 1. Activate the stroke call…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…present, neurological examination, gait and truncal stability Acute balance syndrome Acute persistent unsteadiness or ataxia without clear spontaneous nystagmus Cerebellar or brainstem infarction, intoxication, Wernicke…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…is strongly associated with extensive atherosclerosis and frequently occurs in older patients with multiple vascular comorbidities. An isolated PAU is one without associated IMH, dissection…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…mechanisms of myocardial ischaemia and necrosis. Unstable angina (UA) represents myocardial ischaemia without demonstrable acute cardiomyocyte injury or necrosis. It is characterized by prolonged angina…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…perfusion are essential. The abrupt arterial obstruction may result from progression of peripheral arterial disease, cardiac or aortic embolisation, acute aortic dissection, thrombosis of a…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…The principal pathophysiological determinant of early adverse outcome is acute RV failure. In acute PE, obstruction of pulmonary blood flow increases RV pressure load and…

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