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Indications and contraindications for myocardial perfusion imaging

…heart failure Acute pulmonary embolism, pulmonary infarction, or deep vein thrombosis Acute myocarditis or pericarditis Acute aortic dissection Physical disability that precludes safe and adequate…

Stent Thrombosis: Timing, Causes, Diagnosis, and Prevention

…of the stent, stent diameter less than 3 mm, long stent length Large thrombotic burdens increase procedural risk because thrombus can fragment, embolize to other…

The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction: Types 1–5

…events in the setting of a stent thrombosis or restenosis. Type 1 myocardial infarction Definition and pathophysiology Type 1 MI results from acute coronary atherothrombosis…

Indications, Contraindications, and Preparations for Exercise Stress Testing

…risk of circulatory collapse. Decompensated heart failure – due to the risk of circulatory collapse and arrhythmias Pulmonary embolism in acute phase – due to risk of…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…between myocardial oxygen supply and demand. In many cases, the initiating process is plaque disruption with thrombosis; other cases result from spasm, microvascular dysfunction, embolism…

Type 2 Myocardial Infarction: Mechanisms and Management

…smooth muscle cell dysfunction, and dysregulation of sympathetic innervation), coronary embolism, and spontaneous coronary artery dissection with or without intramural haematoma. Spontaneous coronary artery dissection…

Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: Causes, Work-up and Management

…Definition and clinical concept Myocardial infarction with non obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) describes a clinical presentation in which the patient has symptoms suggestive of acute…

ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Diagnosis and ECG Criteria

…underlying process usually involves acute thrombotic obstruction of an epicardial coronary artery. A vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque and thrombogenic blood interact to initiate and extend thrombosis…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism differ from the atrial fibrillation doses and include an initial high dose phase. Follow FASS (the Swedish medicines compendium) and…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

Clinical medicine Emergency medicine Definition and pathophysiology Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is an abrupt reduction in arterial perfusion of an upper or lower limb that…

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