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Acute coronary syndrome: quick reference for loading doses and time targets

…instability or a large area of myocardium at risk. Over 48 hours: urgent PCI is still indicated with continuing ischaemia, shock, serious arrhythmia or acute…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…7.35 with raised pCO₂ Acute or acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure Rapidly falling pH An urgent ventilatory problem Focal chest pain or unilaterally…

Acute kidney injury: quick reference for management

…progressive or diagnostically unclear AKI. Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the following criteria is…

Acute severe asthma in adults: quick reference

…PEF or FEV1 if the patient can manage it without delaying treatment. 10. Call anaesthetics and intensive care early with life threatening features or an…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…non inferior to alteplase with respect to an excellent functional outcome, without an increased risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage or death [3]. Acute overview 1…

Acute vertigo: quick reference for HINTS and differential diagnosis

…present, neurological examination, gait and truncal stability Acute balance syndrome Acute persistent unsteadiness or ataxia without clear spontaneous nystagmus Cerebellar or brainstem infarction, intoxication, Wernicke…

Acute Aortic Syndromes: Intramural Haematoma and Penetrating Atherosclerotic Ulcer

…associated with extensive atherosclerosis and frequently occurs in older patients with multiple vascular comorbidities. An isolated PAU is one without associated IMH, dissection, or saccular…

Acute Coronary Syndrome: Definitions and Initial Triage

…and with or without an acute rise in cardiac troponin. The spectrum ranges from symptom free presentation to persistent chest discomfort, cardiac arrest, electrical or…

Acute Limb Ischaemia: Recognition and Urgent Management

…For example, a patient with acute graft occlusion may report an abrupt reduction in walking distance before claudication, accompanied by moderate pain or paresthesia, while…

Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Risk Stratification and Reperfusion

…Features associated with an unfavourable short term prognosis include: Tachycardia Low systolic blood pressure Respiratory insufficiency, manifested by tachypnoea and/or low arterial oxygen saturation…

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