…MI). MI denotes cardiomyocyte necrosis occurring in the clinical setting of acute myocardial ischaemia and is diagnosed according to the fourth universal definition of MI…

…myocardial ischaemia caused by transient abnormal vasoconstriction of one or more coronary arteries. Epicardial spasm produces a reversible functional occlusion and usually causes transmural ischaemia…

…the injury resulted from acute myocardial ischaemia. Thus, a patient may have acute myocardial injury without having an infarction. The degree of troponin elevation does…

…at risk of developing symptoms. The most common non reversible causes of sinus bradycardia are sinus node dysfunction, side effects of medications and acute myocardial…

…disease and advanced CKD. The clinical course is often more rapidly reversible than that of other forms of acute tubular necrosis, although the complication remains…

…spectrum of rhythm disturbances characterized by an inappropriately slow heart rate. Within the context of acute coronary syndromes, particularly ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), ischemic…

…ischaemia, coronary spasm, thrombosis, fever, acute starvation, and dieting. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for drug induced arrhythmias in patients receiving agents…

…electrolytes, acid base status and the underlying cause. KDIGO recommends prompt investigation of reversible causes, continuing staging, and treatment directed at both the cause and…

…recordings confirming a bradyarrhythmia. Potentially reversible causes should be pursued (Table 2). Figure 1. Management of acute bradycardia in the emergency setting. Parameter Assessment A…

…and are potentially reversible etiologies when promptly and appropriately addressed. Both venous and arterial blood gases can be utilized for the analysis of electrolyte levels…