…and cardiogenic shock. ACS is distinct from myocardial infarction (MI). MI denotes cardiomyocyte necrosis occurring in the clinical setting of acute myocardial ischaemia and is…

…myocardial ischaemia caused by transient abnormal vasoconstriction of one or more coronary arteries. Epicardial spasm produces a reversible functional occlusion and usually causes transmural ischaemia…

…and/or fall in cardiac troponin with at least one value above the 99th percentile upper reference limit; and Clinical evidence of acute myocardial ischaemia…

…at risk of developing symptoms. The most common non reversible causes of sinus bradycardia are sinus node dysfunction, side effects of medications and acute myocardial…

…many cases, the renal injury probably represents acute tubular necrosis arising from the combined effects of contrast exposure and other ischaemic or nephrotoxic stresses. The…

…50 beats per minute in the first 4 to 6 hours after an acute infarction—patients may develop hypotension and signs of end organ hypoperfusion…

…ischaemia, coronary spasm, thrombosis, fever, acute starvation, and dieting. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for drug induced arrhythmias in patients receiving agents…

…Definition and staging according to KDIGO Acute kidney injury is present when at least one of the following criteria is met [1]: A rise in…

…between the symptoms and ECG recordings confirming a bradyarrhythmia. Potentially reversible causes should be pursued (Table 2). Figure 1. Management of acute bradycardia in the…

…between acute and chronic hyponatremia, based on the rapidity of onset, is of paramount importance. The primary concern in correcting hyponatremia is the prevention of…