…of these have atherosclerotic heart disease (coronary artery disease) as the underlying cause. Other common causes are cardiomyopathy (hypertrophic or dilated), arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy…

…VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). The bradyarrhythmias include all bradyarrhythmias, pulse less electrical activity (PEA), and asystole. Bradyarrhythmias are discussed in the chapter Management…

…when recording during chest pain is not consistent with myocardial ischemia. In other words, chest pain caused by ischemia will always result in ischemic ST…

…radiotracers emit positrons. When a positron collides with an electron, they annihilate each other, producing two gamma photons emitted in opposite directions. PET scanners detect…

…An ECG lead is a graphical description of the electrical activity of the heart and it is created by analyzing several electrodes. In other words…

…from each other. This condition is referred to as atrioventricular (AV) dissociation. Importantly, for the ventricles to have any electrical (and thus pumping) activity at…

…alcohol, a missed meal, physical activity and any other precipitating factor. Thresholds The thresholds below are used above all in diabetes. The severity of the…

…a pulse that can be felt. The other predictable error is forgetting that pacing hurts a great deal in a conscious patient. Indications Immediate (transcutaneous)…

…altering lipid concentrations, blood pressure or other conventional risk factors. Colchicine is an established anti inflammatory drug that may inhibit inflammasome activity, reduce interleukin 1…

…activity may lead to progressive functional decline, sedentary behaviour and loss of independence. Identification of PAD also provides an opportunity to recognise atherosclerosis in other…