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The ECG leads: Electrodes, limb leads, chest (precordial) leads and the 12-Lead ECG

…electrical currents. An ECG lead is a graphical description of the electrical activity of the heart and it is created by analyzing several electrodes. In…

Cardiac arrest during sepsis

…DW, Wickman LL, Swart GL. The hemodynamic and arterial blood gas response to asphyxiation: a canine model of pulseless electrical activity. Resuscitation 1995; 30:16975…

Atrial fibrillation: ECG, classification, causes, risk factors & management

…of cardiovascular mortality in general. This is not surprising given the adverse effects of long periods of tachycardia and desynchronized atrial and ventricular activity. Fortunately…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…DW, Wickman LL, Swart GL. The hemodynamic and arterial blood gas response to asphyxiation: a canine model of pulseless electrical activity. Resuscitation 1995; 30:16975…

Cardiac arrest in hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia

…DW, Wickman LL, Swart GL. The hemodynamic and arterial blood gas response to asphyxiation: a canine model of pulseless electrical activity. Resuscitation 1995;30:16975…

Cardiac tamponade causing cardiac arrest

…DW, Wickman LL, Swart GL. The hemodynamic and arterial blood gas response to asphyxiation: a canine model of pulseless electrical activity. Resuscitation 1995; 30:16975…

Mechanisms of cardiac arrhythmias: from automaticity to re-entry (reentry)

…in these scenarios, it should not be considered abnormal. On the other hand, sinus bradycardia developing during physical exercise is considered abnormal, because heart rate…

P-wave, PR interval, PR segment: physiology, criteria & ECG findings

…the horizontal plane. It is initially directed forward but then turns left to activate the left atrium ( Figure 2 , left hand side). Lead V1 might…

Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

…risk of symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage or death [3]. Acute overview 1. Activate the stroke call. 2. Establish the time of symptom onset or the time…

Wound suturing

…avoided or considered carefully in: Bite wounds — particularly cat and human bites, and all bites on the hand. These are as a rule left open…

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