…defined by a macroreentrant atrial circuit, which manifests on the electrocardiogram (ECG) as organized, continuous atrial electrical activity. This activity most commonly presents as a…

…neural circuit: light signals travel from the retina via the optic nerve (CN II) to the midbrain, where interneurons in the pretectal area activate the…

…to death if cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not started immediately. Ventricular fibrillation is the result of numerous re entry circuits , causing rapid and chaotic ventricular depolarizations…

…a finding that can wait until the next day. Moisture completes a circuit across the mucosa, hydroxide ions are generated at the negative pole of…

…worldwide. Artificial pacemakers have benefitted immensely from advances in engineering, notably with the advent of transistors, programmable circuits, lithium batteries, and Internet connected devices. Additional…

…should incorporate four domains: Aerobic activity Strength training Balance exercises Flexibility exercises Walking, yoga and gardening may provide useful activity for individuals who are reluctant…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology Pharmacology & dosing Definition and Pathophysiology Sotalol is a nonselective beta adrenoceptor blocker devoid of intrinsic sympathomimetic activity that also prolongs cardiac repolarization…

…minutes is the practical threshold for treatment, known as t1. After about 30 minutes of continuous convulsive activity, t2, the risk of permanent neuronal injury…

…crisis. Mechanism of action Phentolamine is a non selective alpha adrenergic blocker. Phentolamine reduces blood pressure while increasing catecholamine activity. Effects Primarily causes afterload reduction…

…with cardiovascular disease, including those recovering from myocardial infarction. It extends beyond exercise training to incorporate individualized physical activity counselling, risk factor modification, nutritional care…