…circulation (ROSC). Prognostication. Potential reasons for a flat ETCO2 curve include: Ventilator or capnograph not activated. Displacement of the tracheal tube. Cardiac arrest without adequate…

…Activated charcoal — in Sweden usually called medicinal charcoal — is the first line measure in decontamination, and gastric lavage is today a rare procedure reserved for…

…despite maximally tolerated therapy. It is a prodrug activated predominantly in the liver by very long chain acyl CoA synthetase 1. This activating enzyme is…

…sinoatrial node pacemaker cells. This current is a mixed inward Na⁺/K⁺ current activated by hyperpolarisation and contributes to spontaneous diastolic depolarisation. By inhibiting the…

…mechanism. Sequential activation implies that the atria are activated first and they fill the ventricles with adequate volumes of blood before ventricular contraction commences. To…

…of aspiration. A conduit for fibreoptically assisted intubation in a known difficult airway. The difficult airway algorithm is activated in unexpectedly difficult laryngoscopy, difficult bag…

…and ascends in a caudocranial direction along the interatrial septum. The left atrium is activated passively. The upper boundary of this circuit may be located…

…shock most commonly reflects severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction, accounting for approximately 80% of cases. Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect…

…the more efficient the pumping mechanism. Sequential activation means that the atria activate first, filling the ventricles with adequate volumes of blood before the ventricles…

…referred to as junctional beats and junctional rhythms. The atria will be activated in the opposite direction, which is why the P wave will be…

…x axis) and depth (y axis). The standard ultrasound transducer for 2D echocardiography is the phased array transducer , which creates a sector shaped ultrasound field …

…pharmacological basis Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of oral agents initially developed for glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)…

…hypoxemia, antiarrhythmic drugs, or electromagnetic disturbance caused by other machines/devices. Below follows ECG tracings demonstrating each type of failure. Figure 1. Failure to pace…

…Synonyms for AVNRT Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachyarrhythmia Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachyarrhythmia Some textbooks use the term "node…

…Currently, opioid overdose stands as a predominant etiological factor for cardiac arrest within this demographic on a global scale. Numerous substances possess the potential to…

…activation of the ventricular myocardium. The ventricles should be depolarized (activated) by impulses spreading through the left and right bundle branch, which branches out into…

…The incidence is 10–34% among patients with premature ventricular contractions and/or nonsustained ventricular tachycardia who are referred for electrophysiological evaluation (Hasdemir et al…

…impulse cannot travel directly from atrial myocardium to ventricular myocardium because the two are electrically isolated from each other by the fibrous rings ( anulus fibrosus)…

…arterioles and veins via generation of cyclic GMP, which then activates calcium sensitive potassium channels in the cell membrane. Time to onset of action : 1…

…cells. Through the guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins Gi and Go, adenosine activates potassium channels (IK.Ach, K.Ado) in a manner analogous to acetylcholine. The…

…plaque. Upon such damage, the plaque exposes highly thrombogenic materials which activate circulating platelets and coagulation factors, which results in thrombus formation (Figure 1). Disruption…

…be considered. The doses and Swedish thresholds below are based on the national guideline for the management of reperfusion treatment in ischaemic stroke, Nationell arbetsgrupp…

…Transfusion restores circulating volume, oxygen transport and haemostatic capacity, but it cannot compensate for an uncontrolled source of bleeding. Minimise the time to surgery, endoscopy…

Infektionssjukdomar Akutsjukvård Lathundar Purpose and scope A quick reference for the doctor on call faced with suspected sepsis in adults: rapid recognition, microbiological sampling, empirical…

…vasopressor and inotropic effects (Figure 1). Below follows a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER…

…and veins) via generation of cyclic GMP, which then activates calcium sensitive potassium channels in the cell membrane. Nitroglycerin is similar in action and pharmacokinetics…

…pathways that injure the vasculature, heart and kidneys. Advanced glycation end products activate inflammatory and profibrotic signalling through their receptor. Endothelial dysfunction, increased vascular stiffness…

…troponin C during systole. Simultaneously, levosimendan activates vascular smooth muscle potassium channels to produce vasodilation. Although primarily defined by these mechanisms, levosimendan also exhibits some…

…slightly curved in the horizontal plane. It is initially directed forward but then turns left to activate the left atrium ( Figure 2 , left hand side)…

…vasopressor and inotropic effects (Figure 1). Below follows a drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER…

…bradycardia. Bradycardia may be present despite a high atrial rate (for example atrial fibrillation) if the block in the AV node is high grade. Causes…

…and inotropic effects (Figure 1). What follows is a quick reference for their use in the emergency department, the intensive care or coronary care unit…

…or suspected variceal bleeding, also contact a gastroenterologist with hepatology expertise 9 Activate the local major haemorrhage protocol in uncontrolled bleeding, shock or a rapid…

…evaluated. The findings were as follows: The absence of a pupillary reflex demonstrated a sensitivity of 72.2% for predicting an unfavorable neurological outcome, indicating…

…in the case of left bundle branch block should lead the clinician to activate the catheterization laboratory (discussed in Left bundle branch block and ischemia…