…between the cardiac chambers, blood pool, and vascular structures is limited. CCTA has become an important first line investigation for selected patients with suspected coronary…

…effects on the cardiovascular system. Acute exposure produces transient haemodynamic and myocardial effects, whereas sustained heavy consumption is associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias…

…a central expression of the heart failure syndrome and reflects excessive retention of sodium and water, with expansion of both the intravascular and extravascular compartments…

…Figure 3. Wavelength Wavelength is defined as the distance between two points (along the sound wave) with equal amplitude (i.e pressure). It is easy…

…for example a Glasgow Coma Scale below 8 Vomiting together with clear neurological impairment Respiratory failure or respiratory arrest Clinical signs of raised intracranial pressure…

…Irrigation: a 30–60 mL syringe with a soft irrigation catheter, or an electric ear irrigator with pressure limitation, body temperature water or saline ( 36…

…of filtered substances along the nephron as water is reabsorbed. Nephrotoxic injury may involve the tubules, interstitium, renal vasculature or collecting system. With iodinated contrast…

…clinical setting. Values obtained in the emergency department for acute dyspnoea should not be transferred directly to patients with less acute outpatient symptoms. Natriuretic peptides…

…with prescribed therapy; Inadequate dosing; An inappropriate diuretic for kidney function; Excess dietary sodium and volume overload; Concomitant drugs or conditions that increase blood pressure…

…concentration to regions with lower concentration, for reasons other than perfusion differences, making image interpretation more ambiguous. Table 1. Radiotracers used for SPECT imaging Thallium…